Iron ore primarily consists of iron oxides, which are chemical compounds of iron (Fe) and oxygen (O). The most common iron ores and their chemical formulas are:
1. Hematite (Fe₂O₃) – Iron(III) oxide
– The most abundant and economically important iron ore.
– Contains about 70% iron by weight.
2. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) – Iron(II,III) oxide
– A magnetic mineral with high iron content (~72%).
– Often used in steelmaking due to its purity.
3. Goethite/Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH₂O) – Hydrated iron oxide
– A secondary mineral formed from weathering of other iron ores.
– Contains variable water content, reducing iron concentration (~50–60%).
4. Siderite (FeCO₃) – Iron carbonate
– Lower iron content (~48%) but can be calcined to release CO₂ and form Fe₂O₃.
Key Notes:
– Impurities like silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) are often present.
– Smelting removes oxygen and impurities to extract metallic iron.
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