The crushing cavity of a cone crusher is a critical component that determines the crusher’s efficiency, product shape, and throughput. It is the space between the mantle (movable cone) and the concave (fixed liner) where rock is compressed and crushed. Here’s a detailed breakdown:
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1. Types of Cone Crusher Cavities
Cone crushers are designed with different cavity shapes to optimize performance for various applications:
# A. Standard (Coarse) Cavity
– Designed for secondary crushing (after jaw crusher).
– Produces coarser output with higher capacity.
– Best for hard, abrasive materials.
– Example: Symons 7′ standard cone crusher.
# B. Medium Cavity
– Balanced between capacity and product fineness.
– Used for general-purpose crushing.
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# C. Short Head (Fine) Cavity
– Designed for tertiary/quaternary crushing (final stage).
– Produces finer, more cubical products.
– Lower capacity but better shape control.
– Example: Symons 7′ short head cone crusher.
# D. Extra-Fine Cavity
– Used for producing very fine sand or ultra-fine aggregates.
– Common in sand-making plants.
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2. Key Components of the Crushing Cavity
– Mantle: The moving cone that gyrates to crush material against the concave.
– Concave (Bowl Liner): The fixed outer surface that forms the crushing chamber.
– Feed Opening: Where material enters the cavity.
– Discharge Opening (Closed Side Setting – CSS): Adjustable gap at the bottom controlling output size.
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3. Crushing Process Inside the Cavity
1. Feed Material enters from the top and is compressed between the mantle and concave.
2. Compression & Impact: The mantle moves in an eccentric motion, squeezing and breaking rocks.
3. Progressive Crushing: Material is crushed in multiple stages as it moves down through different zones:
– Upper zone: Initial breakage of large chunks.
– Middle zone: Further reduction in size.
– Lower zone: Final shaping and discharge.
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4. Factors Affecting Crushing Cavity Performance
| Factor | Impact |
|——–|——–|
| Cavity Shape | Determines product grad