Coal formations in Nigeria are primarily found in the Anambra Basin, the Benue Trough, and the Niger Delta Basin. These deposits were formed during the Cretaceous to Paleogene periods (about 66–100 million years ago) under sedimentary conditions. Nigeria’s coal is mostly sub-bituminous to bituminous, with some lignite deposits.
.jpg)
Key Coal Formations in Nigeria:
1. Mamu Formation (Anambra Basin)
– Contains the most significant coal deposits.
– Located in southeastern Nigeria (Enugu, Okaba, Ogboyoga, etc.).
– Coal is of high quality (bituminous) and was historically mined in Enugu (“Coal City”).
2. Awgu Formation (Anambra Basin)
– Contains thinner coal seams compared to Mamu Formation.
– Found in areas like Awgu and Nkanu.
3. Gombe Formation (Upper Benue Trough)
– Contains lignite and sub-bituminous coal.
– Found in Gombe State (near Lafia-Obi).
4. Nsukka Formation (Anambra Basin)
– Contains minor coal seams, less economically viable than Mamu coal.
5. Ogwashi-Asaba Formation (Niger Delta Basin)
– Contains lignite deposits, mostly used for local energy needs.
.jpg)
Economic Importance:
– Nigeria was once a major coal exporter during colonial times (Enugu mines).
– Coal is now underutilized but has potential for power generation and industrial use.
– Recent interest in reviving coal for steel production and cement manufacturing.
Challenges:
– Declining investment due to focus on oil and gas.
– Environmental concerns over mining impacts.
– Infrastructure limitations for large-scale exploitation.
Would you like details on specific mining locations or historical production data?