The Government of Pakistan plays a significant role in the exploration, regulation, and development of the country’s mineral resources. Pakistan is rich in minerals, including coal, copper, gold, chromite, iron ore, gemstones (e.g., emeralds, rubies), limestone, gypsum, and more. Here’s an overview of the key institutions and policies related to minerals in Pakistan:
Key Institutions:
1. Ministry of Energy (Petroleum Division) – Oversees oil, gas, and mineral resources.
2. Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation (PMDC) – A state-owned entity involved in mining and mineral development.
3. Provincial Mineral Departments – Each province (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan) has its own mines and minerals department responsible for local regulation.
4. Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) – Conducts geological surveys and identifies mineral deposits.
5. Balochistan Mineral Exploration Company (BMEC) & Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company (SECMC) – Focus on regional mining projects.
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Major Minerals in Pakistan:
– Coal (Thar Coal reserves in Sindh – among the largest in the world)
– Copper & Gold (Reko Diq in Balochistan – one of the largest untapped copper-gold deposits)
– Chromite (Mainly in Balochistan)
– Iron Ore (Chiniot-Rajoa deposits in Punjab)
– Gemstones (Emeralds from Swat Valley, Rubies from Hunza)
– Rock Salt (Khewra Salt Mines – second-largest in the world)
– Gypsum & Limestone (Used in cement industry)
Government Policies & Initiatives:
1. Mining Policy Reforms – Efforts to attract foreign investment through improved regulations.
2. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) – Includes development of Thar Coal and other mining projects.
3. Reko Diq Settlement – Resolved a long-standing dispute with international investors to restart mining operations.
4. Provincial Autonomy – After the 18th Amendment.jpg)
rovinces have greater control over their mineral resources.
Challenges:
– Lack of modern exploration technology
– Security concerns in resource-rich regions like Balochistan
– Environmental concerns related to mining
– Bureaucratic hurdles for investors